Akavazhi

പ്രാചീനം, മധ്യകാലം എന്നു തരംതിരിച്ച് ആദ്യകാലകവിതകൾ വിലയിരുത്തുന്നു.   S1/P1C-EARLY & MEDIEVAL POETRY Unit – I: Characteristics of early Malayalam Language - Ancient Literary traditions of Kerala - Impact of Tamil and Sanskrit on Malayalam Poetry Pattu: Features of Pattu as defined in Liilathilakam- Major Pattu works- Ramacharitham, Ramakathapattu, Krishnagatha - Works of Madhava Panickar, Rama Panickar, Sankara Panickar, their period, peculiarities of Language and Literary qualities reflected in these Pattu works,  Krishnagatha. Unit - II: Manipravalam: Its definition in Liilathilakam- Major Manipravala works- Vaisikathantram, Ananathapuravarnanam, Muktakas, Chandrotsavam, Sandesakavyam- Unnuneelisandesam, brief outline history of champu kaavyas. First stage of champu works in Malayalam – Unniyaccicaritam, Unnicciruteevicaritam, Unniyatiicaritam- period, content and form- second stage of champus features- Bhasharamayanam Champu, Bhashanishadam Champu-   Bhashar...

പ്രാചീനം, മധ്യകാലം എന്നിങ്ങനെ തരംതിരിച്ച് പഠിക്കുന്നു   S1/P2C-EARLY & MEDIEVAL PROSE Unit – I: Inscriptions - Bhashakaudaliyam, Attaprakaram and Kramadeepika, Brahmandapuranam, Ambarishopakyanam, Dutavaakyam, Nalopakyanam, Bhasha Bhagavatham- Literary significance of Early Malayalam Prose works. Unit – II: Christian Missionaries and evolution of Malayalam Prose – Canons of the Synod at Udayamperur, Samkshepavedartham. Arnospathiri and his contributions, Jnanamuthumala, Vedatharkam Unit – III: Varthamanapusthakam – Grammatical works and Dictionaries, Gundart and his works. Unit – IV : Beginning of Journalism in Malayalam, Literary Articles and Criticism appeared in the Journals. Unit – V: Keralavarma and the Travancore text book committee. Literary Journals and their impact – Vidyavinodini, Bhashaposhini, Malayalam Manorama etc.

കേരളത്തിന്റെ സാംസ്കാരികചരിത്രത്തെ സംബന്ധിക്കുന്ന കാര്യങ്ങൾ   S1/P3C - KERALA CULTURE   Unit – I: Ancient Culture of Kerala – Sources : Epigraphy, Monuments, Literature, Archival records. The Sangham Age – Religion, Society, Art and architecture. Unit – II: Kulasekhara Kingdom: Temple as centre of social life – religion, Saivism and Vaishnavism, Bhakthi movement – Early phase – Art and architecture, Devadasi system, The janmi system, Matrilinel system, Chavettupata. Aay Kingdom – education, Parthivapuram sala, Kanthaloor sala etc. Kollavarsham – Various views on Kollam Era Unit – III: Principalities of Kerala: Venad – Marthandavarma, Dharmaraja, Balaramavarma, Swathithirunal etc. Perumpadappu Swaroopam – Paliyattchan, Sakthan Thampuran. Nediyiruppu Swaroopam - Pathinettara Kavikal, Revathee Pattathanam, Maamankam – Art and architecture. Advent of the Portugeese, Dutch, English, Mysore and their impacts. Unit – IV: Period of Modernism: Education – Role of Christian Missionar...

മലയാളത്തിലെ വ്യാകരണകൃതികളുടെ വിശദപഠനം   S1/P4C-GRAMMATICAL THEORIES IN MALAYALAM Unit – I: Grammars: Types of Grammars – Traditional, Structural and Transformational types. Grammatical works on and in Malayalam - Leelathilakam. Malayalabhasha Vyakaranam, Malyalmayude Vyakaranam, Keralabhasha Vyakaranam, Keralakaumudi, Keralapaniniyam, Kairaleeshabdanusasanam, Unit – II: Sounds:  Classification of Sounds- The Samvruthokaram – the Vowel ‘a’ and its variations – the ‘Varstya’ (Alveolar) class – Sound variations etc, Sandhi: Different approaches - internal and external Sandhi – delection (lopa) Doubling (Dvithua) – Substitution (Aadesa) – Addition (Aagama) Unit – III: Grammatical Categories: Nouns, Verbs and attributes – Classification of ‘Dyotaka catagories’ – Inflectional increment – Relative Participles and Verbal Participles – Adjectives in Malayalam – Post Positions. Unit – IV: Nouns: Classification – Number and gender – Derivative Nouns (Taddhidha and Krith) – Case format...

നോവൽ, ചെറുകഥ എന്നീ സാഹിത്യപ്രസ്ഥാനങ്ങൾ    S2/P1C-NOVEL AND SHORT STORY   Unit – I: Background of Modern Prose Malayalam Literature- Effects and contact with Western Literatures – Contribution of Keralavarma to the development of Malayalam Prose Literature Unit – II: Modern Malayalam Fiction: Novel- Beginning- Chandu Menon and the social Novels, C.V. Raman Pillai and the Historical Novels. Period of adaptations and imitations- realism and progressive trends – Thakazhi, Dev, Basheer, Pottakkattu and other Novelists of the Realistic school Unit – III: Stories in early stage – definition of short story – stages of development – early periods of short stories – early writers – features –– Unit – IV: From the society to the individual – Uroob, M. T. Vasudevan Nair, Kakkanadan, O.V. Vijayan, M. Mukundan, Sethu, Madhavikkutty etc. Short stories in renaissance period - Writers Unit – V: Postmodern trends – N.S. Madhavan, T.D. Ramakrishanan, T.P. Rajeevan, Benyamin, Subhash Chand...

ആധുനികമലയാളകവിതയെക്കുറിച്ച്   S2/P2C MODERN POETRY   Unit – I: Neo classic trends in Malayalam Poetry – Mahakayas in Malayalam – Ramachandra Vilasam, Umakeralam, Kesaviyam, Chitrayogam, Sree Yesu Vijayam and other works - their characteristics – Keralavarma Valiyakoyithmpuran – A.R.Rajaraja Varma – Venmani School of Poetry – Venmani Poets- their contributions – other important poets in their period. Unit – II: Renaissance in Malayalam Poetry – Impact of romanticism on Malayalam Poetry – works of V.C Balakrishna Panickar, C.S. Subramanian Potti, Kumaran Assan, Ullor, Vallathol, K.C. Kesava Pillai, Nalappattu Narayana Menon, Moolur, G. Sankara Kurup, Changanpuzha, Edappalli, Vennikkulam, Olappamanna, Naalankal Krishnapillai Unit – III: Contributions of Vayalar, O.N.V. Kurup, P.Bhaskaran, Thirunellur Karunakaran, P. Kunjiraman Nair, N.V. Krishna Variar, G. Kumara Pillai, Sugathakumari, Chemmanam Chacko Unit – IV: Modernism In Malayalam Poetry- Poems of Ayyappa Panikkar, M. Govi...

നാടോടിവിജ്ഞാനീയത്തിനുള്ള പ്രാധാന്യം S2/P3C-FOLKLORE Unit – I: Introduction - Folklore as a Universal topic - features of Folklore, Folksong, Folk music, Folk dance, Folk play, Folk story, Folk ballads Unit – II: Folklore and Mythology, Folklore and Psychology, Folklore and life - types of heroes - Psychoanalytical ways of analyzing - Folk tales - Different methods in Folklore study - diffusion, polygenesis, historical reconstruction. Unit – III : Malayalam Folklore - folktales, folksongs, religious and secular songs of various social groups. Popular folksongs in Kerala, Folklore connected with Kaaliyattom ( Theyyam) - Poorakkali. Unit – IV: Sociological, Psychological and Mythical analysis of Malayalam Ballads. Riddles and Proverbs - Legend - Place of Oral literature as the basis of Malayalam Unit – V: Ballads in Northern Kerala and Southern Kerala – Special study Vadakkan pattu and Thekkan pattu

പരിസ്ഥിതിസൗന്ദര്യശാസ്ത്രം എന്ന പഠനമേഖല   S2/P4C-ENVIRONMENTAL AESTHETICS   Unit – I: Introduction to Environmental Aesthetics Background of Environmental Aesthetics as field of study - Short history – Reference of environment – human judgment – interaction between individual and environment in relation to beauty – manipulation of natural resources Unit – II: Theoretical framework for Environmental Aesthetics Humanist Approach to Environmental Aesthetics - History of Landscape - Sangham Literature - Thinai Concept - Urban verses Rural Environment - Literary Activists - Citizen Activists - Environmental Education Unit – III & IV: Aesthetic Criticism, Literature - Emotional effect - Values in literature - Literal studies – Approaches to nature – Approaches to Natural resources, Detailed study – literal works – Novel – Short story – Poetry Unit – V: Experience of Human feelings, Approach to the society – Background knowledge of issues - Approaches of govt. agencies  

പൗരസ്ത്യസാഹിത്യമീമാംസയുടെ പ്രസക്തിയും പ്രാധാന്യവും   S3/P1C-EASTERN CRITICISM   Unit – I: An introduction to the major literary thoughts prevalent in India - Significant contributions of the authors of Poetics. Unit – II: Definitions of Kaavya - Kaavya’s causes, aim and forms Unit – III: Sanskrit Poetics of Bharatha, Bhamaha, Dhandi, Vamana, Kundhaka, Anandavardhana, Abhinavagupta, Kshemendra Unit - IV: Major literary theories in Sanskrit - Rasa, Alamkara, Ouchithya, Vackrothi, Reethi, Dhwani Unit – V: Concept of Thinai in Tamil.

ഭാഷാശാസ്ത്രപഠനം എന്ന ശാസ്ത്രീയമേഖല   S3/P2C-GENERAL LINGUISTICS Unit – I: Introduction - communication - C0mmunication model - functions of Language - Developments of Linguistics - Basic principles of Modern Linguistics, Classification of Language: Early concept regarding Language - Definition of Language - Structural and Genealogical classifications - Language families - Dravidian family of Languages - General characterists of Dravidian Languages - Cultivated and uncultivated Dravidian language. Unit – II: Phonology : Articulatory  Phonetics  - Articulators and position of articulation - Phone - Phoneme - allophone - Vowel Classification - Consonant Classification - Supra segmental -  Co-articulation - Free variation - Phonemic change. Morphology: Morph - Morpheme - Allomorph - Identification and classification of Morpheme. Unit – III: Syntax: Immediate constituent analysis - Phrase structure - Transformational grammar - Deep and surface structure - transformation...

താരതമ്യസാഹിത്യപഠനത്തിനുള്ള പ്രസക്തി തെക്കേയിന്ത്യൻ സാഹിത്യത്തെ ആസ്പദമാക്കി   S3/P3C-COMPARATIVE STUDIES & SOUTH INDIAN LITERATURE   Unit – I: Comparative Literature: Definition and Scope of the study – General Literature - National Literature – World Literature Unit – II: Influence study – Analogy study - Parallel study - Genre study Oral and Written – Ancient Medieval and Modern Unit – III: Thematology, Motifs – Myths – Archetypes – diachronic and synchronic study of themes, Movement study, Translation Studies, History of translation – Indian and Non-Indian - Problems of translations – linguistic and cultural - Theories of translation Unit – IV & V: Origin and Development of comparative literature in South Indian Languages – Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada.

നാടകം, സിനിമ എന്നിവ ചെലുത്തുന്ന സ്വാധീനം S3/P4C-DRAMA & FILM STUDIES   Drama Unit – I: Translations from Sanskrit and Tamil - Prahasana - C.V.Raman Pillai, E.V. Krishna Pillai, M.G. Keavapillai,N.P. Chellappan nair and others, Drama of social reforms: V.T. Bhattathirippade, M.P. Bhattathirippade, M.R.B Unit – II: Historical Drama - Kainikkara Kumara Pillai, Poojappura Krishnan Nair. Problem Play: N.Krishna Pillai, Cherukade, T.n. Gopinathan Nair, C.J. Thomas and others, Socio Political theme - Edassery, Thoppil Bhasi, N.N. Pillai, K.T. Muhammed, etc. Unit – III: Experimental approaches - G. Sankara Pillai, Kavalam Narayanapanickar, Narendra Prasad, Vayala Vasudevan Pillai Modern trends: P.M.Taj, P. Balachandran, N. Prabhakaran, N. Sasidharan, E.P. Rajagopal, K.J.Baby Film Studies Unit – IV: Introduction to World Cinema - History - Evolution of cinema – Lumiere Brothers - Georges Melis – Film language of Griffith – Montage – Sergi Eisenstein – Battleship Potemkin – Mise-en-scene...

പാശ്ചാത്യസാഹിത്യദർശനങ്ങളെക്കുറിച്ച് വിശദപഠനം S4/P1C-WESTERN CRITICISM Unit – I: Literary theories of Plato, Aristotle, Longinus Unit – II: Tolstoy, Croche, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Mathew Arnold, T.S. Eliot, I.A. Richards, F.R. Leavis Unit – III: Major literary movements: Classicism, Neo-classicism, Romanticism, Realism, Symbolism, Imagism, Expressionism, Impressionism, Existentialism Unit – IV: Language and literary criticism - Formalism, Structuralism, Deconstruction, Hermeneutics. Unit – V: Feminism and approaches ----------------------------------------------- സാഹിത്യവിമർശനം   Kritikos എന്ന ഗ്രീക്കുപദത്തിൽനിന്നുള്ള നിഷ്പത്തി വിശദീകരിക്കാം ഇങ്ങനെ >>> വിശേഷിച്ച് വിചിന്തനം ചെയ്ത് തീരുമാനിക്കുക സാഹിത്യവിമർശനത്തിന് 3 ഘടകങ്ങൾ വിശദീകരണം – വ്യാഖ്യാനം – മൂല്യനിർണയം പൗരസ്ത്യം ഖണ്ഡനം മണ്ഡനം ഗുണദോഷവിചിന്തനം പാശ്ചാത്യം പ്രതിപാദ്യപരം ആസ്വാദനപരം വിവേചനപരം മൂല്യനിർണയപരം ----------------------------------------------- വിലയിരുത്തുക, ഗുണദോഷവിചാരം നടത്തുക ഒരു സാഹിത്യകൃതി വിശകലനം ചെയ്ത് അതിന...

മലയാളസാഹിത്യവിമർശനത്തിന്റെ നാൾവഴികൾ   S4/P2-MALAYALAM LITERARY CRITICISM Unit – I: Terms – Vimarsanam, niroopanam. Different types of literary criticism – biographical and comparative methods. Approaches – Sociological, Psycho analytical, Moralistic archetypal and formalistic. Unit – II: Beginning of criticism in Malayalam – Literary thoughts in Leelathilakam. Groth of Malayalam Prose and literary criticism – Contribution of Keralavarma Valiyakoithampuran and A.R. Rajaraja Varma. Dvideeyaaksharaprasavadam. Unit – III: Period of Kumaran Asan, Ulloor and Vallathol. Reviews and literary criticism on poems – Journalism and literary criticism – contributions of Bhashaposhini, Mangalodayam, Vivekodayam and other periodicals to book review and criticism. Unit – IV: Various stages in Malayalam literary criticism. Contributions of the following writers to the literary criticism: C.P. Acyuthamenon, Swadessabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai, Vengayil Kunjuraman Nayanar, Anthappayi, T.K. Krishna M...

S4/P3C - TRANSLATION: THEORY & PRACTICE   Unit – I: Define Translation - Examine the words available in Malayalam for translation such as vivarthanam, paribhasha, tarjjama, mozhimattom, bhashantharm - recreation, transcreation, replacement, equivalence probability, full transition, decoding, encoding. Unit – II: Translation an art of science or both - types of translations - subtle, free and word by word translations Unit – III: Theories of translation- role of translations in applied linguistics and comparative literature. Problems in translating literary works: Prose, poem, Lexical items, technical and scientific terms, proverbs and idioms. Unit – IV: Translations in Malayalam - special reference to Abhignanasakunathalam translations Unit – V: Practice translating a few small poems and small passages English to Malayalam and Malayalam to English ------------------------------------------------------------- വിവർത്തനത്തിന്റെ പ്രാധാന്യവും പ്രസക്തിയും   പ്രചാരത്തിലുള്ളവ ...